نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشکده مدیریت ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، واحد تهران مرکزی ، تهران ، ایران
2 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی- واحد تهران مرکز
3 دانشجوی دکتری مالی ،گروه مدیریت مالی ،واحد تهران مرکز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The present study examines the interactions between income, employment and economic growth inequality. To do this research, Iran's economic data was collected from 1989 to 2016 and analyzed by self-regression analysis (VAR). Simultaneously with the test of the effect of inflation and government expenditures as test variables.The results showed that there is a positive effect between income inequality and economic growth. This means that economic growth has not been distributed in the country's economy in a balanced way, and its effects have not led to the income of households. Also, there is no significant relationship between employment interaction and economic growth.Which can be attributed to the phenomenon of inflationary stagnation in the economy. Based on the results of this study, it can be suggested that, it is suggested that the level of inequality in the country be considered in the formulation of economic-social development programs of the country. Efforts to reduce or modify how governments spend on reducing inflation and resulting inequality will be effective.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
11) Ahluwalia, M.S.1976. Inequality, Poverty and Development. Journal of evelopment Economics,3.4. 307-342.
12) Alesina, A., Rodrik, D.1994.Distributive Politics and Economic Growth. The Quarterly Journal ofEconomics, 109.2. 465-490.
13) Bourguignon, F., Verdier, T.2000. Oligarchy, Democracy, Inequality and Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 62.2. 285-314.
14) Bowman, K.1997. Should the Kuznets Effect be Relied on to Induce Equalizing Growth: Evidence From Post 1950 Development. World Development, 25.1. 127-143.
15) Chambers, D.2005. Trading Places: Does Past Growth Impact Inequality. Journal of Development Economics, 82 1, 257-266.
16) Clarke, George R. G.1995. More Evidence on Income Distribution and Growth, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 47.
17) Croix, D. and M, Doepke. 2003. Inequality and growth: Why differential fertility matters. The American Economic Review.,Vol. 93, No. 4, . 1091-1113
18) Danielson, A.2002) ,Poverty, inequality and growth in Jamaica, 1988-1998, and beyond, Department of Economics, Lund University, Sweden
19) David J. Peters.2013.American income inequality across economic and geographic space, 1970–2010, Social Science Research, Volume 42, Issue 6, 1490-1504
20) Deininger, K., Squire, L.1998. New way of Looking at old Issues: Inequality andGrowth. Journal of Development Economics, 57.2. 159-287.
21) Durlauf, S.N.1994. Spillovers, Stratification and Inequality. European Economic Review, 38.3-4.836-845.
22) Durlauf, S.N.1996. A Theory of Persistent Inequality. Journal of Economic Growth, 1.1. 75-93.
23) Eusufzai, Z.1997. The Kuznets Hypothesis: An Indirect Test. Economics Letters, 54.1. 81-85.
24) Forbes, K.2000. A Reassessment of the Relationship Between Inequality and Growth. American Economic Review, 90.4. 869-886.
25) Frazer, G.2006. Inequality and Development Across and Within Countries. World Development, 34 .9. 1459-1481.
26) Garcia F. and A.C. Banderia.2004. Economic reforms, inequality and growth in Latin America and the Caribbean”, University of So Paulo, school of economics and business.
27) Giovanni Bernardo, Simone D’Alessandro.2016.Systems-dynamic analysis of employment and inequality impacts of low-carbon investments,Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, Volume 21, December 2016, 123-144
28) Hacker, R. S.; Hatemi-J, A.2008.Optimal lag-length choice in stable and unstable VAR models under situations of homoscedasticity and ARCH . Journal of A lied Statistics. 35 .6 .: 601–615. doi:10.1080/02664760801920473.
29) Hamilton, James D. .1994 .. Time Series Analysis. Princeton University Press. p. 293.
30) Hatemi-J, A.2004.Multivariate tests for autocorrelation in the stable and unstable VAR models Economic Modelling21.4. 661–683.
31) Hatemi-J, A.; Hacker, R. S.2009. Can the LR test be helpful in choosing the optimal lag order in the VAR model when information criteria suggest different lag orders? . A lied Economics. 41 .9 .1489–1500.
32) Higgins, M., Williamson, J.1999. Explaining Inequality: Cohort Size, Kuznets Curve and Openness.NBER Working Paper, .7224.
33) Ho-Chuan .River . Huang, WenShwo Fang, Stephen M. Miller, Chih-Chuan Yeh.2015.The effect of growth volatility on income inequality, Economic Modelling, Volume 45 , 212-222
34) Inyong Shin.2012.Income inequality and economic growth,Economic Modelling, Volume 29, Issue 5 , 2049-2057
35) John S. Santelli, Xiaoyu Song, Samantha Garbers, Vinit Sharma, Russell M. Viner.2017.Global Trends in Adolescent Fertility, 1990–2012, in Relation to National Wealth, Income Inequalities, and Educational Expenditures,Journal of Adolescent Health, Volume 60, Issue 2, 161-168
36) Kakwani Nanak, Shahidur Khandker and Hyun H. Son.2003. With A lication to Korea and Thailand.
37) Kuznets, S. 1955. Economic growth and income inequality, The American Economic Review. 45: 1-28.
38) Lee, C.C., Chiu, Y.B. and C. H. Sun.2010. The environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for water pollution: Do regions matter? Energy Policy, 38: 12-23.
39) Lee, J.E.2006. Inequality and Globalization in Europe, Journal of Policy Modeling, 28.7. 791-796.
40) Lee, J.E.2006.Inequality and Globalization in Europe, Journal of Policy Modeling, 28.7. 791-796.
41) Leonel Muinelo-Gallo, Oriol Roca-Sagalés.2013.Joint determinants of fiscal policy, income inequality and economic growth ,Economic Modelling, Volume 30, 814-824
42) Lloyd, E., Bernhardt, D.2000. Enterprise, Inequality and Economic Development. Review of Economic Studies, 67 .1.147-168.
43) Lloyd, E., Bernhardt, D.2000.Enterprise, Inequality and Economic Development. Review of Economic Studies, 67 .1.147-168.
44) Lopez, H.2006. Growth and Inequality: are the 1990s different? Economics Letters, 93.1. 18-25.
45) Md. Samsul Alam, Sudharshan Reddy Paramati.2016.The impact of tourism on income inequality in developing economies: Does Kuznets curve hypothesis exist?,Annals of Tourism Research, Volume 61, 111-126
46) Octasiano M. Valerio Mendoza.2016.Preferential policies and income inequality: Evidence from Special Economic Zones and Open Cities in China,,China Economic Review, Volume 40, 228-240
47) Óscar Afonso.2016.Effects of labour-market institutions on employment, wages, R&D intensity and growth in 27 OECD countries: From theory to practice.Economic Modelling, Volume 53, 48-62
48) Paukert, Felix.1973. Income Distribution at Different Levels of Development: A Survey of the Evidence, International Labor Review. 108 .2-3. .Paukert, Felix.1973. Income Distribution at Different Levels of Development: A Survey of the Evidence, International Labor Review. 108 .2-3.
49) Prem Sikka.2015.The hand of accounting and accountancy firms in deepening income and wealth inequalities and the economic crisis: Some evidence.Critical Perspectives on Accounting, Volume 30, , 46-62
50) Ram, Rati.1988. Economic Development and Income Inequality". World Development, Vol. 16, No. 11.
51) Sims, Christopher .1980 .. Macroeconomics and Reality . Econometrica. 48 .1 .: 1–48. doi:10.2307/1912017. JSTOR 1912017.
52) Sukiassyan, G.2007. Inequality and growth: What does the transition economy data say? Journal of Comparative Economics.,Vol. 35, . 35–56.
53) Sungmoon Jung, Jeong-Dong Lee, Won-Sik Hwang, Yeongjun Yeo.2017. Growth versus equity: A CGE analysis for effects of factor-biased technical progress on economic growth and employment, Economic Modelling, Volume 60, 424-438
54) Sylvanus Kwaku Afesorgbor, Renuka Mahadevan.2016. The Impact of Economic Sanctions on Income Inequality of Target States,World Development, Volume 83, 1-11
55) Weriemmi M.E. and Ch. Ehrhart, .2004. “Inequality and growth in a context of commercial openness, Theoretical analysis and empirical study: The case of the countries around the Mediterranean basin”, University of nice-Sophia antipolice.
56) Weriemmi M.E. and Ch. Ehrhart. 2004.Inequality and growth in a context of commercial openness, Theoretical analysis and empirical study: The case of the countries around the Mediterranean basin”, University of nice-Sophia antipolice.
)