Investigating the factors affecting the financing of sports clubs and presenting a model based on exploratory analysis

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
majid mokhlesi hoz sorkhi 1
Rahmat Alizadeh 2
bardia behnia 3
1 Ph.D. Student in Industrial Management, Islamic Azad University, Babol
2 Assistant Professor of Management, Islamic Azad University, Babol
3 Assistant Professor of Management, University College of Rouzbahan, Sari
10.30495/jik.0621.23466
Abstract
The increasing tendency of the society towards sports and the need to consume sports goods and services has caused the sports industry to experience a significant income generation process and plays an important role in the economy of any country. Therefore, it is very important to develop a model for financing sports clubs in Iran. As a result, the study seeks to provide a model for financing sports clubs through exploratory factor analysis. In this model, six media criteria (including 6 sub-criteria), competition revenues (including 6 sub-criteria), commercial revenues (including 12 sub-criteria), financial support and government assistance (including 5 sub-criteria), infrastructure (including 5 sub-criteria) The monetary and financial markets (including 5 sub-criteria) have been selected for final analysis by reviewing the research literature. Research Methodology, Survey, and the Research Society consists of 152 sports managers and experts in the field of club management and general managers and sports experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, who answered the prepared questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was assessed in a manner consistent with the validity of the foreign exchange questionnaire. The research data were analyzed from exploratory factors and performed through SPSS software. The results show the variables of holding lotteries between spectators, private administrative buildings, financial support of fans, attracting foreign investors, ticket pricing in different places, promoting the club's products and services through the media, receiving interest on deposits from the bank, using Their own business licenses are more important for business, private stadiums
Keywords
Financing
Sports Clubs
Exploratory Factor Analysis
ترابی، تقی؛ قربانی، مهسا؛ باقری، میثم؛ طریقی، سمانه(1394). روش های نوین تأمین مالی باشگاه های فوتبال در کشورهای توسعه یافته و بررسی تطبیقی آن با کشورهای در حال توسعه(مورد خاص: باشگاه های فوتبال حرفه ای لیگ برتر ایران و انگلستان(، فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی دانش سرمایه گذاری، سال چهارم، شماره سیزدهم، بهار1394. 217-231.
رجبی، م.، حسینی، م.س.، رضوی، م.ح.، حسینی، س.ع.، 1331 . نقش رسانه ها و تماشاگران ورزشی در جذب سرمایه گذاری بخش خصوصی در ورزش قهرمانی. مطالعات مدیریت ورزش، 93-106. 
رجب زاده قطری، ع.، خورشیدی، غ.، قلی پور، ع.، 1315 . بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل نقش بازار پول و بازار سرمایه در هزینه سرمایه شرکت ها، (تحلیل نتایج تطبیقی و بخش صنعت و معدن ایران(.، پژوهش های اقتصادی،13-32.
رضایی، ش.ا.، احسانی، م.، کوزه چیان، ه.، امیری، م.، 1334 . طراحی سازوکار مؤثر تجاریسازی باشگاه های فوتبال – 130 113 ، ایران. دو فصلنامه پژوهش در مدیریت ورزشی و رفتار حرکتی، 113-130. 
رضائی صوفی، م.، شعبانی، ع.، 1333 . بررسی تأثیر رسانه های جمعی بر تأمین منابع مالی در ورزش. فصلنامه علمی ترویجی مدیریت ارتباطات در رسانه های ورزشی،9-43.
مهربانی ، فاطمه،(1389)، بررسی چالش ها و آسیب های بازار پول و سرمایه ایران در تأمین مالی سرمایه گذای و راهکار برون رفت از آن، مجموعه مقالات سومین کنفرانس بین المللی توسعه نظام تأمین مالی در ایران.
Andreopoulou Z, Koliouska C, Lemonakis C, Zopounidis C (2015) National Forest Parks development through Internet technologies for economic perspectives. Oper Res Int J 15(3):395–421.
Akarah, E.,(2012), Conceptual Model for Effective Sports Marketing in Nigeria, An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia, Vol. 6 (1), Serial No. 24, January, 2012.
Allmers, S. and Maennig, W. (2009). “Economic impacts of the FIFA Soccer World Cups in France 1998, Germany 2006, and outlook for South Africa 2010”. Eastern Economic Journal. 2009, 35, (500–519).
Bradley M. and others (july 1984), “On the Existance of on optimal capital structure Theory and Evidence”, Journal of Finance.
Dimitropoulos P, Alexopoulos P (2014) Attendance, revenues, profits and the on-field performance of the Greek football clubs. Int J SC Eng Res (IJSER) 2(9):33–39
Chelmis, E., Niklis, D., Baourakis, G., Zopounidis.,(2017), Multiciteria evaluation of football clubs: the Greek Superleague, Oper Res Int J, DOI 10.1007/s12351-017-0300-2.
Garner, J., Humphrey, P.R., Simkins, B., 2016. The business of sport and the sport of business: A review of the compensation literature in finance and sports. Int. Rev. Financ. Anal. 47, 197–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2016.06.003.
Halkos G, Tzeremes N (2013) A two-stage double bootstrap DEA: the case of the top 25 European football clubs’ efficiency levels. Manag Decis Econ 34(2):108–115.
Haugen, K.K., Solberg, H.A., 2010. The Financial Crisis in European Football—a Game Theoretic Approach. Eur. Sport Manag. Q. 10, 553–567. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2010.524240
Huang, F., 2018. Higher education financing in Japan: Trends and challenges. Int. J. Educ. Dev. 58, 106–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJEDUDEV.2016.12.010.
Lacey, R., Close, A.G., Finney, R.Z. (2009). The pivotal roles of product knowledge and corporate social responsibility in event sponsorship effectiveness, Journal of Business Research, In Press, Corrected Proof.
Michie, J and Oughton, C (2005). “The corporate governance of professional Football clubs in England”, corporate governance: An international review, 13(4), PP: 517-531.
Miller, S., Coutts, C., 2018. A multiple case study of local & creative financing of bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure. Case Stud. Transp. Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2018.03.008.
Procházka, D (2012) financial conditions and transparency of the Czech professional football clubs,Prague economic papers, 4,pp :504-521.
Rafoss, K., Troelsen, J., 2010. Sports facilities for all? The financing, distribution and use of sports facilities in Scandinavian countries. Sport Soc. 13, 643–656. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430431003616399.
Sakinc I, Gu¨len M (2014) The performance comparison of the participation banks acting in Turkey via grey relations analysis method. J Econ Soc Thought 1(1):3–14.
Škorić, S., Hodak, Z.,(2011), The system of sports financing and management in the Republic of Croatia, Preliminary communication,  Zb. rad. Ekon. fak. Rij. , 2011 , vol. 29 , sv. 2 , 443-464.
 
Singh A, Gupta A, Mehra A (2016) Energy planning problems with interval-valued 2-tuple linguistic information. Oper Res Int J 1–28. doi:10.1007/s12351-016-0245-x.
Salimi, M., Soltanhosseini, M., Padash, D., Khalili, E., 2012. Prioritization of the factors effecting privatization in sport clubs: with AHP & TOPSIS methods-emphasis in football. Int. J. Acad. Res. Bus. Soc. Sci. 2, 102–114.
Stewart, B., 2007. Sport Funding and Finance. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080467023.
Vos, S., Wicker, P., Breuer, C., Scheerder, J., 2013. Sports policy systems in regulated Rhineland welfare states: similarities and differences in financial structures of sports clubs. Int. J. Sport Policy Polit. 5, 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2012.657665.
Yilmaz, K., 2018. Quantity–quality trade-off of children and school finance. J. Macroecon. 56, 188–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMACRO.2018.02.001.
Zhan, C., de Jong, M., 2018. Financing eco cities and low carbon cities: The case of Shenzhen International Low Carbon City. J. Clean. Prod. 180, 116–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2018.01.097.