1
PhD Student in Financial Engineering, Department of Economic Sciences, Faculty of Management, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
2
Faculty member of the Department of Economic Sciences, School of Management, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of macroeconomic variables on unobserved systematic risk using the Kalman filter. Systematic risk indicates the degree of dependence between changes in share prices and changes in the market index. However, the amount of systematic risk can be very different from the expected amount, due to the confusion in stock price changes, resulting from emotional transactions, overreactions and price manipulation. Therefore, it is necessary to control the effects of these disturbances in measuring systematic risk. The method of the present study is descriptive-correlational which was performed using statistical methods to examine the relationships between variables based on Ives software. To analyze the data in this study, it is suggested to use Kalman filter. Also, filtered and turbulent values have been used under the heading of unobserved systematic risk. According to the obtained result, it can be said that all variables have a significant relationship with the systematic risk not observed in the model. Then, using data analysis, the hypotheses were examined. The results obtained in relation to statistics and a significant level show the confirmation of all hypotheses in terms of the impact of economic variables on the components of inflation, economic growth, exchange rate, stock market index and volume. Money showed unprecedented systematic risk. Also, the effect of different variables and finally the estimation of coefficients showed that the highest coefficient among the variables is related to inflation index and stock market.
خلیلی، امید و جعفری، معصومه و صمدی، فاطمه،(1397) ،تاثیر مدیریت ریسک بررابطه میان حاکمیت شرکتی و عملکرد مالی شرکت،ششمین کنفرانس ملی تازه یافته ها در مدیریت و مهندسی صنایع با تاکید بر کارآفرینی در صنایع،تهران
دانش سرارودی، سیدرسول و معدنچی زاج، مهدی،(1399) ،بررسی رابطه بین مدیریت ریسک مالی، کارایی عملیاتی بر عملکرد مالی بانک های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران،دومین کنفرانس حسابداری و مدیریت
رستمی مازویی، نعمت و رام روز، امیرحسین،(1399)، تاثیر مدیریت ریسک سازمانی بر عملکرد مالی با در نظر گرفتن نقش تعدیلگر فناوری اطلاعات در بانک های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران،اولین کنفرانس بین المللی چالش ها و راهکارهای نوین در مهندسی صنایع و مدیریت و حسابداری،ساری
مشایخی، محمد حسین، (1398)، تاثیر تغییرات نرخ سود بانکی و نرخ ارز بر ریسک سیستماتیک، عملکرد و حجم معاملات شرکتهای پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، پایاننامه ارشد حسابداری، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه شهید اشرفی اصفهانی.
مهرآرا، محسن; فلاحتی، ذبیح الله و حیدری ظهیری، نازی، (1392)، بررسی رابطه بین ریسک سیستماتیک و بازده سهام در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران با استفاده از مدل قیمتگذاری دارایی سرمایه ای، فصلنامه سیاستگذاری پیشرفت اقتصادی، دانشگاه الزهرا (س)، سال اول، شماره اول، زمستان ۱۳۹۲.
میرزاخانی، مهدی، (1395)، بررسی رابطه بین ریسک سیستماتیک، قدرت پرداخت بدهی و نقدینگی در شرکتهای پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، پایاننامه ارشد حسابداری، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شاهرود.
Babenko, I., Boguth, O., & Tserlukevich, Y. (2016). Idiosyncratic cash flows and systematic risk. The Journal of Finance, 71(1), 425-456.
Ball, R., and P. Brown, 1969. “portfolio Theory and Accounting.” Journal of Accounting Research. Autumn, pp. 300-323.
Beaver, W.H., P. Kittler, and M. Scholes, 1970. The Association between Market Determined and Accounting Determined Risk Measures, Accounting Review, Vol. 45, No.4, pp. 654-682.
Bildersee, J. S., 1975. The Association between Market-Determined Measure of Risk and Alternative Measure of Risk. Accounting Review, No. 50, pp. 81-98
Bos, T., Newbold, p., 1984. An empirical investigation of the possibility of stochastic systematic risk in the market model. J. Bus.57, 35-41.
Brimble, M. Andrew, 2003. “The Relevance of Accounting Information for Valuation and Risk “, www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/uploads/.
Drobetz, W., Menzel, C., & Schröder, H. (2016). Systematic risk behavior in cyclical industries: The case of shipping. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 88, 129-145.
Elgers, P.T, 1980. “Accounting-Based Risk Predictions: A Reexamination” Accounting Review, Vol.55, No.3, pp. 389-408.
Gallia, D. and R. Masulis, 1976. The Option Pricing Model and the Risk Factor of Stock. The Journal of Financial Economics, Vol.3, No. (1-2), pp. 53-81.
Galibaf Asl, H., & Torkaman Ahmadi, M. (2018). Investigating the relationship between privatization and information efficiency, regime switch and structural failure in the Iranian economy. Iranian Journal of Finance, 1(1), 7-28.
Hong, G. and S. Sarkar, 2007. Equity Systematic Risk (Beta) and Its Determinants. Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol: 24, NO. 2, PP. 423-466.
Ismail, B. and M. Kim, 1989. “on the Association of Cash Flow Variables with Market Risk: Further Evidence”, Accounting Review 64, pp. 125-136.Inekwe, J. N. (2019). Lending risk in MFIs: The extreme bounds of microeconomic and macroeconomic factors. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(2), 538-558.
Kostka, G. (2019). China’s social credit systems and public opinion: Explaining high levels of approval. New Media & Society, 21(7), 1565-1593.
Kridsadarat, M,2013. Estimating Time-varying Systematic Risk by using Multivariate GARCH. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing Volume, 200:227-239.
Lambert, M., & Platania, F. (2020). The macroeconomic drivers in hedge fund beta management. Economic Modelling, 91, 65-80.
Mandelker, G. and S. Rhee, 1984. “The Impact of the Degrees of operating and Financial Leverage on Systematic Risk of Common Stocks”, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, pp. 45-57.
Namvar, E., Phillips, B., Pukthuanthong, K., & Rau, P. R. (2016). Do hedge funds dynamically manage systematic risk?. Journal of Banking & Finance, 64, 1-15.
Racicot, F. É., Rentz, W. F., Kahl, A., & Mesly, O. (2019). Examining the dynamics of illiquidity risks within the phases of the business cycle. Borsa Istanbul Review, 19(2), 117-131.
Sauvageau, M., & Kumral, M. (2018). Kalman filtering-based approach for project valuation of an iron ore mining project through spot price and long-term commitment contracts. Natural Resources Research, 26(3), 303-317.
Savor, P., & Wilson, M. (2016). Earnings announcements and systematic risk. The Journal of Finance, 71(1), 83-138.
Shahid H., Prakash A.J. and Anderson G.A, 1994. A Note on the Relationship between Systematic Risk and Growth in Earnings. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, Vol.21, No.2, pp. 293-297.
Skew, R. k, 1979. The Forecasting Ability of Accounting Risk Measures: Some Additional Evidence, Accounting Review, Vol.45, No.1, pp. 107-117.
Titman, S., and Wessels, R, 1998. The Determinant of capital structure choice. The journal of Finance. Vol.43, No.1, pp.1-19.
Zhang, Q., Wang, X., Zhou, X., & Chen, Q. (2020). Application of improved adaptive Kalman filter in China’s interest rate market. Neural Computing and Applications, 32(10), 5315-5327.
خلیلی، امید و جعفری، معصومه و صمدی، فاطمه،(1397) ،تاثیر مدیریت ریسک بررابطه میان حاکمیت شرکتی و عملکرد مالی شرکت،ششمین کنفرانس ملی تازه یافته ها در مدیریت و مهندسی صنایع با تاکید بر کارآفرینی در صنایع،تهران
دانش سرارودی، سیدرسول و معدنچی زاج، مهدی،(1399) ،بررسی رابطه بین مدیریت ریسک مالی، کارایی عملیاتی بر عملکرد مالی بانک های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران،دومین کنفرانس حسابداری و مدیریت
رستمی مازویی، نعمت و رام روز، امیرحسین،(1399)، تاثیر مدیریت ریسک سازمانی بر عملکرد مالی با در نظر گرفتن نقش تعدیلگر فناوری اطلاعات در بانک های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران،اولین کنفرانس بین المللی چالش ها و راهکارهای نوین در مهندسی صنایع و مدیریت و حسابداری،ساری
مشایخی، محمد حسین، (1398)، تاثیر تغییرات نرخ سود بانکی و نرخ ارز بر ریسک سیستماتیک، عملکرد و حجم معاملات شرکتهای پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، پایاننامه ارشد حسابداری، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه شهید اشرفی اصفهانی.
مهرآرا، محسن; فلاحتی، ذبیح الله و حیدری ظهیری، نازی، (1392)، بررسی رابطه بین ریسک سیستماتیک و بازده سهام در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران با استفاده از مدل قیمتگذاری دارایی سرمایه ای، فصلنامه سیاستگذاری پیشرفت اقتصادی، دانشگاه الزهرا (س)، سال اول، شماره اول، زمستان ۱۳۹۲.
میرزاخانی، مهدی، (1395)، بررسی رابطه بین ریسک سیستماتیک، قدرت پرداخت بدهی و نقدینگی در شرکتهای پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، پایاننامه ارشد حسابداری، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شاهرود.
Babenko, I., Boguth, O., & Tserlukevich, Y. (2016). Idiosyncratic cash flows and systematic risk. The Journal of Finance, 71(1), 425-456.
Ball, R., and P. Brown, 1969. “portfolio Theory and Accounting.” Journal of Accounting Research. Autumn, pp. 300-323.
Beaver, W.H., P. Kittler, and M. Scholes, 1970. The Association between Market Determined and Accounting Determined Risk Measures, Accounting Review, Vol. 45, No.4, pp. 654-682.
Bildersee, J. S., 1975. The Association between Market-Determined Measure of Risk and Alternative Measure of Risk. Accounting Review, No. 50, pp. 81-98
Bos, T., Newbold, p., 1984. An empirical investigation of the possibility of stochastic systematic risk in the market model. J. Bus.57, 35-41.
Brimble, M. Andrew, 2003. “The Relevance of Accounting Information for Valuation and Risk “, www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/uploads/.
Drobetz, W., Menzel, C., & Schröder, H. (2016). Systematic risk behavior in cyclical industries: The case of shipping. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 88, 129-145.
Elgers, P.T, 1980. “Accounting-Based Risk Predictions: A Reexamination” Accounting Review, Vol.55, No.3, pp. 389-408.
Gallia, D. and R. Masulis, 1976. The Option Pricing Model and the Risk Factor of Stock. The Journal of Financial Economics, Vol.3, No. (1-2), pp. 53-81.
Galibaf Asl, H., & Torkaman Ahmadi, M. (2018). Investigating the relationship between privatization and information efficiency, regime switch and structural failure in the Iranian economy. Iranian Journal of Finance, 1(1), 7-28.
Hong, G. and S. Sarkar, 2007. Equity Systematic Risk (Beta) and Its Determinants. Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol: 24, NO. 2, PP. 423-466.
Ismail, B. and M. Kim, 1989. “on the Association of Cash Flow Variables with Market Risk: Further Evidence”, Accounting Review 64, pp. 125-136.Inekwe, J. N. (2019). Lending risk in MFIs: The extreme bounds of microeconomic and macroeconomic factors. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(2), 538-558.
Kostka, G. (2019). China’s social credit systems and public opinion: Explaining high levels of approval. New Media & Society, 21(7), 1565-1593.
Kridsadarat, M,2013. Estimating Time-varying Systematic Risk by using Multivariate GARCH. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing Volume, 200:227-239.
Lambert, M., & Platania, F. (2020). The macroeconomic drivers in hedge fund beta management. Economic Modelling, 91, 65-80.
Mandelker, G. and S. Rhee, 1984. “The Impact of the Degrees of operating and Financial Leverage on Systematic Risk of Common Stocks”, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, pp. 45-57.
Namvar, E., Phillips, B., Pukthuanthong, K., & Rau, P. R. (2016). Do hedge funds dynamically manage systematic risk?. Journal of Banking & Finance, 64, 1-15.
Racicot, F. É., Rentz, W. F., Kahl, A., & Mesly, O. (2019). Examining the dynamics of illiquidity risks within the phases of the business cycle. Borsa Istanbul Review, 19(2), 117-131.
Sauvageau, M., & Kumral, M. (2018). Kalman filtering-based approach for project valuation of an iron ore mining project through spot price and long-term commitment contracts. Natural Resources Research, 26(3), 303-317.
Savor, P., & Wilson, M. (2016). Earnings announcements and systematic risk. The Journal of Finance, 71(1), 83-138.
Shahid H., Prakash A.J. and Anderson G.A, 1994. A Note on the Relationship between Systematic Risk and Growth in Earnings. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, Vol.21, No.2, pp. 293-297.
Skew, R. k, 1979. The Forecasting Ability of Accounting Risk Measures: Some Additional Evidence, Accounting Review, Vol.45, No.1, pp. 107-117.
Titman, S., and Wessels, R, 1998. The Determinant of capital structure choice. The journal of Finance. Vol.43, No.1, pp.1-19.
Zhang, Q., Wang, X., Zhou, X., & Chen, Q. (2020). Application of improved adaptive Kalman filter in China’s interest rate market. Neural Computing and Applications, 32(10), 5315-5327.
Hatef Vahid,M. and Saleh Ardestani,A. (2024). Impact of macroeconomic variables on unobserved systematic risk using Kalman filter. Journal of Investment Knowledge, 13(51), 279-300.
MLA
Hatef Vahid,M. , and Saleh Ardestani,A. . "Impact of macroeconomic variables on unobserved systematic risk using Kalman filter", Journal of Investment Knowledge, 13, 51, 2024, 279-300.
HARVARD
Hatef Vahid M., Saleh Ardestani A. (2024). 'Impact of macroeconomic variables on unobserved systematic risk using Kalman filter', Journal of Investment Knowledge, 13(51), pp. 279-300.
CHICAGO
M. Hatef Vahid and A. Saleh Ardestani, "Impact of macroeconomic variables on unobserved systematic risk using Kalman filter," Journal of Investment Knowledge, 13 51 (2024): 279-300,
VANCOUVER
Hatef Vahid M., Saleh Ardestani A. Impact of macroeconomic variables on unobserved systematic risk using Kalman filter. Journal of Investment Knowledge, 2024; 13(51): 279-300.